This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1858 Excerpt: ...republic." It has been stated that previously to the discovery of the Californian and Australian goldfields, there were considered to be about 2000 millions sterling of the precious metals existing in Europe, of which about a fourth or fifth was gold, the rest silver. The yield of gold from the two sources above mentioned has been considered to be upwards of 20 millions per annum. In 1856, the Mexican mines are stated to have yielded 40 millions of dollars' value, chiefly in silver: (see Barter, Com, Monet, Specie.) CAMBIST.--A dealer in bills of exchange, notes and coins; a person skilled in the business of exchanges. CAPITAL.--The amount employed in carrying on business. Principal money, as distinguished from income. Capital is either fixed or circulating. Fixed capital may be said to consist in stock or materials, instruments of trade, lands, houses, &c. Money is " the great wheel of circulation." Smith (Wealth of Nations, p. 345) says, that the prosperity of a country depends on the due proportion of its capital applied to the three grand objects of agriculture, manufactures, and foreign trade. The capital of this country has been stated to a certain extent as follows: --800 millions of National Debt, 300 millions invested in railways, 600 millions employed in commerce, and 300 millions in bills of exchange and promissory notes--together, 2 billions, besides the value of land, houses, &c. In 1842, for the purpose of the income tax, the annual value of real property, houses, mines, tithes, canals, railways, &c., in Great Britain, was upwards of 95 millions. Mr. M'Culloch, in 1849, estimated the annual value of our manufactures at upwards of 120 millions. CASH.--Ready money, in metallic currency, as distinguished from notes, bill...